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European hedgehog
The European hedgehog (''Erinaceus europaeus''), also known as the West European hedgehog or common hedgehog, is a hedgehog species found in Europe, from Iberia and Italy northwards into Scandinavia.〔Harris, S. & Yalden, D.W. (2008). ''Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th Edition.'' The Mammal Society, Southampton.〕 It is a generally common and widely distributed species that can survive across a wide range of habitat types. It is a well-known species, and a favourite in European gardens, both for its endearing appearance and its preference for eating a range of garden pests. While populations are currently stable across much of its range, it is thought to be declining severely in Great Britain.〔(IUCN 'red list' ''Erinaceus europaeus'' )〕〔
==Description==
''E. europaeus'' has a generalised body structure with unspecialised limb girdles.〔Reeve, N. J. (1994). ''Hedgehogs.'' T & AD Poyser Ltd., London. p.7.〕 The animal appears brownish with most of its body covered by up to 6,000 brown and white spines.〔Morris, P. A. (2006). ''The New Hedgehog Book.'' Whittet Books, London.〕 Length of head and body is ~ at weaning, increasing to or more in large adults. This species has an extremely short tail as an almost vestigial feature, typically .〔Harris, S. & Yalden, D.W. (2008). ''Mammals of the British Isles: Handbook, 4th edition.'' Mammal Society, Southampton. pp.241-249.〕 Weight increases from around at weaning to > in adulthood. The maximum recorded weight is 2000 g (4.4 lb), though few wild specimens exceed 1,600 g (3.5 lb) even in autumn.〔Reeve, N. J. (1994). ''Hedgehogs.'' T & AD Poyser Ltd., London. p16〕 Adult summer weight is typically somewhat less than in autumn, with an average of around and adult weights commonly as low as .〔Dickman, C. R. (1988). Age-related dietary change in European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus. ''Journal of Zoology'' 215, 1-14.〕 Males tend to be slightly larger than females, but sex differences in body weight are overshadowed by enormous seasonal variation.〔
''E. europaeus'' is unlike any other creature across most of its range. Where it co-exists with the Northern white-breasted hedgehog (''Erinaceus roumanicus''), the two species are difficult to distinguish in the field, the latter having a white spot on its chest.〔(IUCN 'red list' ''Erinaceus roumanicus'' )〕 According to the Guinness Book of World Records, ''E. europaeus'' is probably the largest species of hedgehog and is possibly the heaviest member of the Erinaceomorpha order, although the moonrat (''Echinosorex gymnura''), similar in average mass if not known to equal to the hedgehog's maximum weight, can attain a considerably greater length.
In Europe hedgehogs carry a large number of hedgehog fleas (''Archaeopsylla erinacei'').
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